Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. Introduction many developing countries show an increasing interest to the sea water and brackish water desalination by solar distillation. Dec 08, 2016 in the case of active solar distillation, an additional source of thermal energy is required for faster evaporation inside the same passive solar still. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. A solar still uses the greenhouse affect to trap energy from the sun. Indeed, several solar still designs have been proposed. Pdf exploring of water distillation by single solar still basins. A solar still consists of a structural element called a basin covered with a transparent material to allow the incident solar radiation to pass through to the basin saline water for thermal absorption and evaporation. One of the important and technically viable applications. The additional source may be a solar energybased system or thermal energy contained in hot water which is discharged by other industries. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched.
It is evident that, the distilled water produced by solar still is quite resembles the commercial. On the other hand, when the temperature of the feed saline water was 30. Technology fact sheet for adaptation solar distillation i solar. The heat collection and distillation processes occur within the same system where solar energy is used directly for distillation by means of the greenhouse effect. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at an inclination which enables the collected water 4. Optimize recovery and thermal performance of the second effect night operations. A solar distiller of new design was built by the coupling of two confused. Nevertheless, solar distillation systems have low operation and maintenance costs and require large installation areas and high initial investments. The fullscale solar distillation unit was designed to handle the. Aug 26, 20 solar distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy.
Therefore, there is a need to improve solar still performance to produce a greater quantity of safe drinking water. The these two publications are recommended for individu purpose of a solar still is to capture this evaporated or als interested in building a solar water still. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the conventional single slope passive solar still. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g. Figure 2 simple solar still for solar water distillation figure 2 shows a simple solar still, in which constant amount of water is supplied in basin. T between the heat source and bottom layer, all of which is necessary for water desalination to occur. Solar water stills can be used to eliminate harmful substances from contaminated water by treating it using free solar energy before it can be consumed. As per calculations, the dimensions of the base are taken as 1640 mm x 1220 mm for a 2 m2base area, considering the standard sizes of plywood available. Experimental evaluation of a single slope solar still. The simplest and easily accessible type of solar distillation is passive solar still which utilizes freely and abundantly available sun energy for removal of salinityimpurity from salinebrackish.
They reported that the productivity of the solar still increased to 59% from 39 when coupled with solar water heater of evacuated tube collector type. Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation systems. General parameters affecting the performance of solar stills 2. Theoretical analysis of water distillation using solar still. Experimental studies and cfd modeling on solar distillation. Solar still adding mirrors at interior walls and coupled with fpc experimentally 14. Test and optimize the modular design of the solar still 2. In passive distillation system, the advanced solar stills prove more effective than conventional basin type one especially during winter and rainy seasons. The equipment, called a solar still, consists primarily of. Desalination, distillation, solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph. Although the idea of solar desalination plants is visionary for the future, this idea also has some drawbacks. Pdf distillation of water by solar energy sweet priyanga.
An early largescale solar still was built in 1872 to supply a mining community in chile with drinking water. Stabilize operations to minimize operator attention required 3. Various approaches have been suggested to achieve such goal, either through. Survival metrics the solar still deluxe water purification kit. Cut the angled end pieces with a circular saw or tablesaw set to a 9 degree angle. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. The brine inside the solar still is evaporated using solar energy and the condensate is collected as the distilled water output. Therefore, extensive efforts have been carried out through numerous investigations to improve the efficiency of solar distillation process. Solar energy is available, free cost and nonextinguishing in nature.
A simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector shows increase in fresh water productivity with the increase in solar collector area. Water vapor rises to the transparent cover by natural convection and condenses there. The solar still is a model of the water cycle on earth. Solar stills can be used in povertystricken areas, in deserts, at sea, and to help reduce energy costs and pollution as stills are environmentally friendly. Solar still, desalination, performance, phase change materials, nanocomposites table of contents 1. A concentrated solar still is a system that uses the same quantity of solar heat input same solar collection area as a simple solar still but can produce a volume of freshwater that is many times greater. Details of design calculations for even type solar still. Design of solar distillation system international journal of advanced science and technology vol. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation. A stepbystep guide on how to make a solar still with simple materials if stranded in an area with no water.
An early solar still was built in 1872 to supply drinking water to a mining community in chile bounds, 2012. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. Solar still is a passive solar distillation process and the only energy source needed is. Heat transfer mode in solar water distillation system the heat transfer in solar still is mainly classified into two ways, internal and external heat transfer. Evaporation and condensation are the simultaneous process occurring in solar distillation. He concluded in his results with the remark that the efficiency of the asymmetrical type is 50% more than that of the symmetrical one 1.
Solar distillation is one of the simplest processes and the most significant of separation. This paper concerns a study and theoretical analysis of solar still. Solar distillation is an old process, but cost wise and for domestic purpose it is most reliable one. Pdf solar distillation of water ross mccluney academia.
Theoretical and experimental study of the solar still. Using the knowledge that you have about solar stills, build a solar still capable of producing this amount of water 4. A solar still is a device used in which impuresaline water is fed to obtain distilled water by solar distillation. I manual on solar distillation of saline water irc wash. Still operation a solar still operates on the same principle as rainwater. In subtropical hurricane target areas that can lose power for days, solar distillation can provide an alternative source of clean water. May 22, 2014 solar distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy. This work presents a mathematical modeling and an experimental validation of the optimised solar distiller unit with a condenser and coupled with water and air solar heater and. Additionally, unlike a traditional md system, the still needs to wick its water from. Phase ii operations of the modular solar stills at bgndrf had several key goals. Particulars symbol design parameter of solar still 1 solar declination angle.
Design and implementation of solar still distillation. Exploring of water distillation by single solar still basins. The science, purpose, and benefits of a solar still. Pdf theoretical analysis of water distillation using solar still. This stills vary in size and efficiency across the world. This energy is used directly for evaporating water inside a device usually termed a solar still. The details of various heat transfers in solar still are shown in figure 2. Pb 201 029 from the national technical information service, order department, springfield, va 22161. Solar stills are systems of easy operation and low cost that, through the use of. Different designs and parametric study of solar water. However, it is the best solution for remote areas and small communities in arid zones with lack of drinking water. This energy is used directly for evaporating water inside a device usually termed a solar still solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or well. The water from the oceans evaporates, only to cool, condense. An early largescale solar still was built in 1872 to supply a mining community in chile with drinking water 4.
In addition, distil1edwater by condensing it onto a cool surface, using the office of water research and technology, u. Solar stills can be very useful after a hurricane when clean, safe water may not be. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Here, we designed a passive solar still, that utilized membrane distilwas capable of relatively highwater flux, low but stable conductivity, and a high. Generally, solar still works on evaporation and condensation process. Solar distillation of water fsec energy research center. The body of the solar still consists of a triangular structure mounted over a cuboidal base. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water. C, it was observed that the daily yielded distilled water obtained were 9500, 10080 and. Solar radiation passes through inverted v shaped glass cover and absorbed by blackened surface at the bottom of the basin.
Commercial plywood is used to fabricate the entire setup. Sep 17, 2012 mark and cut the plywood pieces according to the cutting list on the solar still plan. Solar distillation is an attractive process to produce portable water using free of cost solar energy. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center. Pdf in developing countries, lack of safe and unreliable drinking water constitutes a major problem. Solar stills are used in cases where rain, piped, or well water is impractical, such as in remote homes or during power outages. In fact, it has been reported that for such places, solar distillation could be the most favorable way for water supply. Work on these devices decreased when world war ii came to an end in 1945.
Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. In the fullscale system, there are 27 individual stills, and each solar still is 102 feet long, 22 feet wide and 10. There are several acceptable designs for small solar stills for the individual florida family. Introduction solar distillation is a tried and true technology. Study of the performance of the inverted solar still integrated with a. Solaqua stills have built upon years of still research and development, use nsf and fda approved materials, and are the state of the art for commercial solar still distillation. Solar distillation can be explained as simple as this. In florida, a good solar still design should be capable of producing. Conventional passive solar stills utilize the available solar radiation to evaporate saline water and produce freshwater, with productivity ranging between 4 and 6 lm 2, which is the lowest level among all desalination technologies. Therefore, solar distillation seems to be a promising method and an alternative way for supplying small communities in remote areas and islands with water. The solar still is one of the oldest and by far the simplest water desalination method. As i mentioned above you will need a still of some kind to cause solar distillation. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph.
1234 1556 709 908 1705 314 574 80 1432 125 1494 1688 1687 316 92 1040 1017 893 74 902 62 613 1525 1398 133 1409 1638