Industrialization, war, mining and the intensification of agriculture have all left a legacy of soil contamination across the. Erosion can wash away soil, making it hard to grow crops. Mar 30, 2021 lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects and control of air edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 9. Air cleanness in dwelling premises and working environment is a special air pollution problem because today people become. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths rocky surface. Soil pollution is defined as the buildup in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have. In their study assessing the needs of education on soil contamination, harms et al. Soil pollution is defined as a phenomenon characterized by the loss of structural and biological properties by the soil layers as a result of numerous human and natural factors, such as wind. The organic portion, which is derived from the decayed remains of plants and animals, is concentrated in the dark uppermost topsoil.
Categorized study of pollution helps to understand the basics in more detail and produce protocols for the specific types. Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and control byjus. Plastic, glasses and metal objects may also cause soil pollution. A very small amount of ddt in water can build up to harmful levels in living things 24. Teacher notes provide guidance with the learning intention, the success criteria, materials needed, a lesson outline, as well as provide some insight on what results to. The dissolved salts in irrigation water can increase salt buildup in soil and ultimately reduce the soil s productivity. Hence, industrial toxic waste should be treated to reduce its toxicity before it is disposed off. Soil facts, worksheets and formation processes for kids.
Lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects. See the fact file below for more information on the soil or alternatively, you can download our 25page soil worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as. Industrial wastes have different amount of toxic contents and hazardous chemicals such that when deposited in soil, they. Management measures aggregates, while layering refers to the vertical distribution of soils in the soil profile e. Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotics humanmade chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. Soil pollution, a hidden reality global soil partnership. The fao also affirms that both intense and even moderate degradation is already affecting one third of the worlds soil. If one has to look at the soil pollution facts, it will be seen that toxic waste has a big role to play in soil pollution. These pollutants affect and alter the chemical and biological properties of soil. May 02, 2018 soil pollution affects the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the health of our ecosystems, said fao deputy directorgeneral maria helen semedo at the start of the symposium.
Soil structure detoriation causes soil compaction, reduced gaseous exchange between atmosphere and soil aeration, and reduction in infiltration. Soil pollution can be said to be the mixing together of chemicals that are made by man like agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes and various waste disposals that are harmful from factories, houses, etc. Soil pollution is a reality today with as severe repercussions as water and air pollution. Soil management and tillage 3 10 soil management and tillage f. Dumping of refuse on open land, waste burning, and inadequate landfills are the major contributors to soil pollution.
Texture is classified based upon the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil figure 4f3. The action plan is hereby formulated to effectively strengthen soil pollution prevention and control, and to gradually improve soil environmental quality. Contamination of soil with pollutants like insecticides, artificial fertilizers and industrial wastes is called soil pollution. Pdf be the solution to soil pollution researchgate. Traditionally, soil cleanup criteria have been set using concentrationbased standards that often require remediation to background levels or to other specified levels that are considered administratively acceptable. Action plan for prevention and control of soil pollution. Soil is a dynamic, natural body occurring on the surface of the earth. Soil pollution occurs due to untreated disposal of industrial wastes into soil. Soil also naturally contributes to air pollution by releasing volatile compounds into the atmosphere. Mark hodson, soil pollution and its impact on soil life 34 summary pollutants are generated by all sorts of human activities soil pollution is a wide spread problem pollutants have to be bioavailable to cause harm impacts occurs from the molecular to ecosystem scale quantification is by controlled testing and comparisons.
It is difficult to define soil pollution exactly because different opinions exist on how to characterize a pollutant. It is important to note that some contaminants can be naturally produced in the soil under the. Mounting concern for global environmental issues 146. Any substance that adversely affects the productivity of soil is called a soil pollutant. Nov 23, 2019 protect soil from getting polluted prevent soil pollution. International soil reference and information centre isric and the united. If soil s capacity to protect us is exceeded, contaminants will and do seep into other parts of the environment like our food chain. Industrial wastes have different amount of toxic contents and hazardous chemicals such that when deposited in soil, they affect the soil layer strength in the top soil, thus reducing the soil fertility and biological activity of the soil. Researchers are making good progress with developing our understanding of many soil related issues, such as soil sealing, erosion and contamination. Pdf soil pollution refers to the presence of toxic chemicals pollutants or contaminants in soil, in high enough. Students will learn about how pollution affects the air, water, soil in our environment. Fossil fuels from petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, and powergenerating plants also support soil pollution. Soil definition, composition, properties, types and uses.
Soil pollution or land contamination is a problem with serious consequences. Component % organic mineral matter 45 organic matter 05 soil water 25 soil air 25 types, effects and sources of soil pollution soil pollution mainly. Soil pollution occurs in soil, means it creates land pollution through the soil, so we should keep the lands clean. Soil loses its natural vitality and balance of elements, degrading its quality and lending it barren and totally void of essential micronutrients.
At the same time, responsible methods should be used for disposing off the waste. All soil water is not equally available for extraction and use by plants. Component % organic mineral matter 45 organic matter 05 soil water 25 soil air 25 types, effects and sources of soil pollution. Its effects are becoming increasingly visible with each passing day, for instance, crop failure. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the earths. Soil pollution causes, effects, and solution assignment point. We tell you the causes, their effects and how we can reduce it. Infiltration aiken clay loam fe infiltration rate cmhr palouse silt loam houston black clay 0 time hours aeration and compaction 70 bulk density bd 1. Before that, what you need to understand are some essential soil pollution facts. It it is a global imperativ e to establish an agenda for action and collaboration.
Dec 01, 20 soil pollution soil pollution preservation of ecological balance may mean conservation and wise management of the life support systems of land, water flora, fauna and the atmosphere 21. The factors which disturb the biological balance of the soil and deteriorate the quality, texture, and mineral content are called soil pollutants. Ssc107fall 2000 chapter 1, page 3 has a large influence on water holding capacity, water conducting ability and chemical soil properties soil texture classification. Lecture notes environmental pollution causes, effects and. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of soil. Some soil pollutants include heavy metals, hydrocarbons, inorganic and organic solvents.
Extensive pollution damage during period of rapid industrial growth 6. It occurs when the pollutants causing the pollution reduce the quality of the soil and convert the soil inhabitable for microorganisms and macro organisms living in the soil. Some common soil pollutants that can be sourced to industrial waste are listed below. Ssac 121 introduction to soil science sn chapter page no 1 soil pedological and edaphological concepts 14 2 origin of the earth earths crust composition 515 3 rocks and minerals 1636 4 weathering 3747 5 soil formation factors and processes components of soils 4861 6 soil profile 6264.
Discharge from chemical industries, fertilizer and pharmaceutical companies are highly polluting. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of soil pollution soil pollution soil pollution is defined as, contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms. Soil pollution major sources and types of soil pollutants. Nitrogen escapes through ammonia volatilization and denitrification. Naveen kumar, in refining biomass residues for sustainable energy and bioproducts, 2020 8. Although sporadic information generated from some parts of the country indicated the buildup of pollutants in agricultural land, a systemic and comprehensive report on anthropogenic activities and the status of soil pollution is not available. Pollution of soil is having a devastating effect on the agriculture land as well as people consuming products grown in such land.
The raw material for soil formation is provided bythe rocks. Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous. They usually take the form of solids, gases, and liquids. Soil pollution is defined as the concentration of soil by huge amounts of toxic and poisonous substances that contaminate the soil and make it totally unfit for cultivation. Dutch ministry of housing, spatial planning and the environment now part of the. The concept of soil pollution, sources and types should be clear and understood. World soil day is annually held on december 5 to highlight soil s importance on earth. Nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide are some gases produced by industrial activities that indirectly cause soil pollution. Soil pollution due to pahs can be sourced to coke coal processing, vehicle emissions, cigarette smoke, and the extraction of shale oil. It is very difficult to pin point the exact effects of soil pollution on humans, animals or even plants, yet the effects are out there for everyone to see. Mainly soil pollution is caused by the presence of manmade chemicals application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil.
Soil pollution soil pollution comprises the pollution of soils with materials, mostly chemicals, that are out of place or are present at concentrations higher than normal which may have adverse effects on humans or other organisms. The potential of soil to cope with the strain of pollutants is finite. Soil pollution environmental issues class 12 biology. Is there sufficient evidence based scientific information on soil pollution in agricultural fields. In addition, the science involved is complex science for environment policy, 2012. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste. Polluting our soils is polluting our future global soil. Soil pollution is defined as the buildup in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health. Soil pollution is caused by the existence of manmade chemicals or additional variation in the usual soil environment. Different types of pollution are categorized based on the part of the environment which they affect or result which the particular pollution causes. Each of these types has its own distinctive causes and consequences. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of. Soil loses its natural vitality and balance of elements, degrading its quality and lending.
Environmental impact assessment on soil pollution issue about. Soil pollution is a global threat that is particularly serious in regions like europe, eurasia, asia and north africa, as indicated by the food and agricultural organization of the united nations fao. Soil pollution is the removal of useful substances from the soil or the addition of harmful substances to it. Soil pollution soil pollution is defined as, contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms. Air pollution 14 pollutants spread rapidly and to far distances in the atmosphere. Industry being a voracious consumer of natural resources brought in pollution of air, water and soil environment.
Project report on soil pollution soil management india. Soil pollution addition of unwanted substances to the soil which negatively affects physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and reduces its productivity is called soil pollution. Soil structure arrangement of individual soil particles soil texture. Note that chemical elements such as heavy metals cannot break down, but their. Index ssac 121 introduction to soil science sn chapter page no 1 soil pedological and edaphological concepts 14 2 origin of the earth earths crust composition 515 3 rocks and minerals 1636 4 weathering 3747 5 soil formation factors and processes components of soils 4861 6 soil profile 6264 7 soil physical properties soil texture textural classes particle.
This document is highly rated by class 9 students and has been viewed 14891 times. The discharge of industrial waste into soils can result in soil pollution. Soil is the natural substance that covers the earths surface and this soil becomes polluted when it loses its nutrients due to the mixing of other foreign elements like chemicals, wastes, pesticides etc. Garbage, cotton clothes, newspapers, trees waste, are the causes of soil pollution. Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and control. Different types pollution on earth 9 types of pollution pdf. Soil pollution definition, causes, types, effects, and. However, until recently, the impacts of soil pollution on our health have had a much lower profile. Soil pollution usually originates from the development of industry, intensive agriculture associated with modern systems of cultivation like use of high analysis chemical fertilizers, use of pesticides, use of sewage, sludge, city composts and other industrial wastes etc. Soil pollution is a term which may not been heard very frequently but having a constant check on soil pollution is very important. This type of infectivity characteristically arises from the rupture of alternative storage links, application of pesticides, and percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel throwing away, leakage of wastes from landfills or nonstop discharge of. As a result, hazardous chemicals can enter into human food chain from the.
362 1162 782 1424 718 884 394 537 216 1038 1373 1326 371 594 432 41 280 406 462 1604